July 2023

National survey of gig workers paints a picture of poor working conditions, low pay

By Ben Zipperer, Celine McNicholas, Margaret Poydock, Daniel Schneider & Kristen Harknett  While the concept of nontraditional, short-term, and contract work has been around since well before the digital age, it wasn’t until the 2010s that digital platform companies like Uber, DoorDash, Instacart, and TaskRabbit began to rise to prominence and shape the way we define gig work today. In the most basic terms, gig work can be defined as work done by individuals who are classified as self-employed, freelancers,...

Canada. Expert panel: How portable benefits can support inclusivity among gig workers

The concept of employee benefits was established on a foundation built decades ago, when employees worked full time and long term with one employer. Those days are long gone. Temporary, part-time and gig work have become the norm, accounting for 60 per cent of job growth in advanced economies since the 1990s. Gig work is popular in sectors such as the arts, entertainment and recreation and it’s also more prevalent among immigrants than workers born in Canada. In 2016, 10.8 per...

June 2023

Optimal Retirement Portfolios with Fixed and Variable Longevity Annuities in Defined Contribution Plans taking Social Security into Account

By Vanya Horneff, Raimond Maurer & Olivia S. Mitchell  This paper examines how two instruments—annuities with lifelong benefits purchased using defined contribution (DC) plan assets, and social security annuities—should be considered jointly to optimize household lifetime wellbeing. Understanding how these interact is of key importance in order to generate efficient retirement portfolios. Additionally, there is likely to be substantial heterogeneity in the demand for longevity annuities across the retiree population, depending on their assets inside and outside tax-qualified retirement plans,...

LGBT Elders in a Post-Windsor World: The Promise and Limits of Marriage Equality

By Nancy J.Knauer This Article addresses the uncertain post-Windsor legal landscape from the perspective of LGBT elders and older adults. The demise of DOMA has enhanced access to federal benefits, but it has also increased the complexity that LGBT individuals and their families face as they begin to plan for retirement and beyond. Additionally, marriage equality — even when it is recognized nationwide — will not help LGBT elders and older adults tackle many of the obstacles they face when...

US. Social Security’s woes highlight need for holistic plan

Given Social Security's uncertain future, defined contribution executives say that it's important for plan sponsors to offer participants holistic retirement planning and encourage additional savings. The Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund, which covers retirees and their families, is now set to reach depletion in 2033, according to an April report from the Social Security Board of Trustees. If that happens, the trust's income would be able to pay 77% of its scheduled benefits, the report states. A reduction in Social...

A Complaint Template for Legal Challenges to the Validity of the Statutory ‘Debt Ceiling’

By Robert C. Hockett The Statutory ‘Debt Ceiling’ appearing at 31 USC 3101(b), rooted in the Second Liberty Bond Act of 1917 aimed at expanding Treasury financing options during the First World War, is not valid in any application that would occasion default on U.S. sovereign debt, other contractual obligations, or Social Security or Veterans’ pension obligations. There are at least seven mutually reinforcing legal grounds for so saying. These include preemption of such application of the Ceiling by the...

May 2023

Save to Advance: Analysis and Recommendations on the Pension Reform in Colombia

By Manuela Restrepo, Camilo José Ríos, Andrés Mauricio Velasco & Andrés Zambrano  In March of 2023, the Government filed a Bill that seeks to modify the Colombian pension system. The Bill contemplates a four-pillar scheme: a social transfer pillar named Solidario, a semi- contributory pillar, a contributory pillar, and a voluntary savings pillar. This paper presents a summary of the Bill filled in Congress, followed by an analysis of its implications for fiscal sustainability and macroeconomic stability. As a result, we recommend that the...

Social Security of Labour in India

By Ishita Arora The social security of labour in India is a critical issue that needs to be addressed. The country's labour force is massive, and ensuring their protection and well-being is crucial to their quality of life and the country's economic development. This research paper aims to explore the current state of social security for workers in India, including policies and programs aimed at providing protection and support to individuals and families against social and economic risks such as...

“The Great Retirement Boom”: The Pandemic-Era Surge in Retirements and Implications for Future Labor Force Participation

By Joshua Montes, Christopher L. Smith & Juliana Dajon As of October 2022, the retired share of the U.S. population was nearly 1-½ percentage points above its pre-pandemic level (after adjusting for updated population controls to the Current Population Survey), accounting for nearly all of the shortfall in the labor force participation rate. In this paper, we analyze the pandemic-era rise in retirements using a model that accounts for pre-pandemic trends in retirement, the cyclicality of retirement, and other factors....

April 2023

Jamaica. Minister of Labor announces increases to NIS benefits

Minister of Labour and Social Security, Karl Samuda, has announced significant increases for National Insurance Scheme (NIS) pensioners and other contributors to the scheme. Samuda made the announcement on Wednesday during his contribution to the Sectoral Debate in the House of Representatives. He said the old age or retirement, the invalidity and the widows and widowers pensions will move from $3,400 to $4,200 per week, a 23 per cent increase for those receiving full-rate pensions. At the same time, pensioners who...