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April 2025

State of Social Protection Report 2025: The 2-Billion-Person Challenge

By The World Bank   Today, more people have access to social protection now than at any point in history. Over the last decade, 4.7 billion people across low- and middle-income countries gained access to social protection. However, critical gaps remain. Two billion people in those countries remain uncovered or inadequately covered by social protection. The State of Social Protection Report 2025: The 2-Billion-Person Challenge documents advances and challenges to strengthening social protection and labor systems across low- and middle-income countries and...

February 2025

How should policy-makers think about longevity?

As people live longer, public policy and public spending should pivot towards ensuring longer, healthier and more active lives. This includes a shift towards preventative healthcare and lifelong education. Economists have been warning of ageing societies for decades. Globally, falling birth rates and rising life expectancy are leading to an increasing proportion of older people. In the UK in 1950, one in nine of the population was over 65 years old; today, it is around one in five. That share...

Older adults are driving workforce innovation in a digital economy. Here’s how

Businesses and governments must recognize the impact and potential of older adults as the global workforce shifts due to ageing populations. Many older adults want to work, upskill and contribute in a digital-first world, but face structural barriers such as ageism and technological gaps. As global leaders navigate workforce challenges, they must embrace policies that foster lifelong learning, equitable hiring and digital inclusion. As the global workforce shifts due to ageing populations, businesses and governments must recognize the impact...

Place-Based Policies of the European Union: Contrasts and Similarities to the US Experience

By Peter R. Berkowitz, Michael Storper & Max Herbertson The European place-based policy framework was established in the European Treaties and has a current budget of $60-70 billion per year. This paper identifies key features and directions for its future development with respect to three place-based problems: traditionally lagging regions; contemporary distressed (or left-behind regions), including those facing the structural challenges of the energy transition; the challenge of spreading prosperity faced with the uneven geography of technological clusters and routine technology-based manufacturing. We...

Aging Well in Asia: Asian Development Policy Report

By Asian Development Bank The report explores four linked dimensions of well-being: health, productive work, economic security, and social engagement. It highlights the need for lifelong investment in human capital, a life-cycle approach to intervention for age-specific needs, and population-wide outreach to people of all ages. It provides concrete recommendations in the policy domains of health, employment and retirement, pensions, long-term care, and community-level support. Get the report here 

January 2025

Pensions investment outlook 2025: U.S. policy uncertainty clouds road ahead

By Investment Managers The coming year will likely be characterized by three main drivers: the U.S.’s politically driven polices, structural economic 1 The implicit yield curve based on the floating rates associated with an interest rate swap. weaknesses and political uncertainty in Europe, and China’s restructuring of its troubled property market. Overall, our forecasts suggest global growth looks set to continue its 2024 pace of 3.2% in 2025, before easing in 2026 to 2.9%. This outlook could be compounded by the implementation...

An Older America Will Be Less Prosperous, But We Don’t Have To Get Old

America is getting older. Between 1980 and 2022, the median age increased from 30 to 39. An older population will impact the country in a variety of ways, some more obvious than others. One likely yet underappreciated impact will be less entrepreneurship. A new study by Rui Zhang and Mengyao Kang published in the Journal of Regional Science finds that countries with higher shares of elderly people have fewer entrepreneurs and new businesses. The increase in America’s median age coincides...

2024 Ageing Report: Economic & Budgetary Projections for the EU Member States (2022-2070)

By European Commission This report was prepared as part of the mandate the Economic and Financial Affairs Council gave to the Economic Policy Committee (EPC) in 2021 to update and further deepen its triannual projections of age-related expenditure based on new population projections by Eurostat. The work to fulfil this mandate is performed within the EPC’s Ageing Working Group (AWG). The 2024 Ageing Report provides long-term projections for public expenditure on pensions, healthcare, long-term care and education in the European...

December 2024

How widening inequalities signal a warning for the UK pension system

The government has made a commitment to “tackle all the inequalities that pervade our society” in “a fairer Britain, where everyone lives well for longer”. But what does inequality mean for pensions and, ultimately, for living standards in later life? That’s the question that underpins a report we published last month. For many people, income inequality is the first thing that comes to mind when we talk about inequality in the UK, and for good reason. The UK has had higher income inequality...

November 2024

Megatrends and the Future of Social Protection

By Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Ageing populations, changing labour markets, and climate change are affecting economies and societies across OECD countries. What challenges do these “megatrends” pose for social protection systems? What are the implications of these trends for the coverage, the effectiveness, and – critically – the funding of social protection today and tomorrow? With an eye towards informing future reforms, this report presents a broad stocktaking of population ageing, changing patterns of labour supply, new and emerging...