November 2024
22Nov

Do Pensions Enhance Worker Effort and Selection? Evidence from Public Schools

By Michael Bates & Andrew C. Johnston Why do employers offer pensions? We empirically examine two theoretical rationales, namely that pensions improve worker effort and worker selection. We test these hypotheses using rich administrative measures on effort and output for teachers around the pension-eligibility notch. When workers cross the notch, their effective compensation falls by roughly 50 percent of salary, but we observe no reduction in worker effort or output. This implies that pension payments do not increase effort. As for selection, we find...

November 22, 2024
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15Nov

Rethinking Pension Reform

By Giulia Giupponi & Arthur Seibold Population ageing is exerting unprecedented fiscal pressure on social security systems around the world. In response, many governments are implementing or planning pension reforms, often aimed at encouraging later retirement. A long-standing literature in public economics and labour economics investigates how the design of pension systems affects individual labour supply and retirement choices. In recent years, this literature has seen a revival, with a wave of new studies from Europe and the US combining high-quality...

November 15, 2024
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15Nov

Pension’s Resource-Time Trade-Off: The Role of Inequalities in the Design of Retirement Schemes

By Renaud Bourlès & Santiago Lopez-Cantor Public pension schemes serve as mechanisms for inter-temporal income smoothing and within-cohort redistribution. This paper examines the influence of income and lifespan inequalities on the structure of a democratically chosen pension scheme. We use a probabilistic voting model where agents vote on the size and the degree of redistribution (i.e. the Beveridgean factor) of pension and can supplement it with voluntary contributions. Our analysis reveals that when all agents can supplement the public scheme...

November 15, 2024
Articles, Pension design, , ,
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15Nov

Lessons on strengthening pensions and social insurance for sustainable development

By Gustavo Demarco, Gonzalo Reyes, Diego Wachs & Aaron Buchsbaum In today's rapidly evolving world, robust pension systems and social insurance programs are vital for ensuring economic stability, financial inclusion, and the well-being of citizens, particularly in the face of aging populations. Understanding the multifaceted benefits of these systems, as well as the challenges in implementing sustainable pension systems, is crucial for informed policymaking. The World Bank is responding by revitalizing its in-depth training courses for government officials. In a recent course, experts...

November 15, 2024
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05Nov

CPF unveils new fund to support Kenya’s unpensionable workers

CPF Financial Services has introduced the Taifa Pension Fund, a new pension scheme targeting Kenya’s unpensionable workforce across both private and public sectors. The fund, managed by Standard Investment Bank, provides flexible retirement solutions for those without traditional pension access, such as informal sector workers. Taifa Pension Fund offers a range of benefits including high returns, global market exposure, and diversified investment opportunities. It serves as an umbrella fund, allowing participating employers to pool resources, thus reducing the overall cost per member...

November 5, 2024
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October 2024
28Oct

Will the Pensions Review herald long overdue integrated policy making?

The new government has laudable ambitions, but will it do more than simply “firefighting”? Pensions are a priority, judging by its speed in launching ‘a landmark’ review to boost investment, increase pension pots and tackle waste. Led by the first ever joint Treasury and DWP pensions minister Emma Reynolds, it is initially investigating scale, consolidation, the role of the single employer trust, master trusts and GPPs with their different governance structures of trustees and IGCs. The call for evidence for this, the first...

October 28, 2024
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11Oct

Rules of Thumb and Retirement Accounts

By Vanya Horneff, David A. Love & Raimond Maurer We examine the welfare costs of applying common rules of thumb for saving, investment, 401k contributions, and withdrawals in an environment that includes a realistic treatment of taxation, Social Security benefits, 401k-plan details, and uncertainty in income, longevity, and asset returns. We test the performance of commonly recommended rules, such as investing 100-minus-age percent of assets in stocks, contributing 6–10% of income to a 401k account, or withdrawing the required minimum...

October 11, 2024
Articles, Pension design, ,
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11Oct

Beyond the Status Quo: A Critical Assessment of Lifecycle Investment Advice

By Aizhan Anarkulova, Scott Cederburg & Michael S. O'Doherty We challenge two central tenets of lifecycle investing: (i) investors should diversify across stocks and bonds and (ii) the young should hold more stocks than the old. An even mix of 50% domestic stocks and 50% international stocks held throughout one’s lifetime vastly outperforms age-based, stock-bond strategies in building wealth, supporting retirement consumption, preserving capital, and generating bequests. These findings are based on a lifecycle model that features dynamic processes for...

October 11, 2024
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11Oct

Patterns of Consumption and Savings around Retirement

By Arna Olafsson & Michaela Pagel This chapter analyzes how consumption, savings, and other positions on household balance sheets change around retirement. Four patterns stand out. First, many households have barely any savings and hold substantial amounts of consumer debt at the time of retirement. Second, consumption falls at retirement, possibly due to work-related expenses, bargain shopping, or because households face unexpected adverse shocks. Third, liquid savings increase at retirement. Fourth, wealth increases more over the course of retirement for...

October 11, 2024
Articles, Savings, , ,
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11Oct

Five insights on pension reforms for the 21st century

Globally, the number of people aged 65 or older is increasing as a share of the population, which raises the question: will these older adults receive a predictable and adequate pensions? That question is one that has enormous consequences for old-age poverty, labor markets, gender equity, and the macro economies of emerging market economies, which need to rapidly rethink pension needs and solvency as more people are living longer. Designing pension reform in developing countries Sharing lessons learned is vital for...

October 11, 2024
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