September 2023

People age 80 and over top 10% of Japan’s population for first time

People age 80 and over topped 10% of Japan's population for the first time, government data showed Sunday, as the country with the world's highest proportion of older people continues to grapple with a rapidly aging society. The number of people in the age bracket swelled by 270,000 from the previous year to 10.1% of Japan's total population of around 124.6 million, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications said ahead of Monday's Respect for the Aged Day. In another record,...

Japan’s pension funds to increase allocations to active fixed income

As the Bank of Japan loosens its stranglehold on yields, opening the door for them to rise in a more volatile market environment, Japanese pension funds have started to recognize the merits of actively investing their Japanese fixed-income portfolio, sources said. For instance, the Government Pension Investment Fund, Tokyo, revealed in its annual report in July that it would shift an in-house ¥9.1 trillion ($62 billion) passive domestic bond fund to be actively managed. "The decision to shift the in-house domestic...

August 2023

Japan records its second-worst income disparity as society ages

Japan’s income inequality hit its second-worst level on record, according to a labor ministry survey conducted in 2021. The Gini coefficient--an index that measures income inequality on a scale ranging between 0 and 1--rose to 0.5700 based on initial income, or before distribution through taxation and social security, according to the Income Redistribution Survey released on Aug. 22. The coefficient, calculated based on income data from 2020, increased from 0.5594 in the previous survey in 2017. A 2014 survey saw the highest...

July 2023

Relationship between Social Security Programs and Elderly Employment in Japan

By Takashi Oshio, Satoshi Shimizutani & Akiko S. Oishi  This study examines how elderly employment is associated with social security programs and how it responds to recent reforms in Japan. To this end, we employed a rich and longitudinal dataset of middle-aged and older individuals collected between 2005 and 2018. By incorporating various factors related to social security incentives into a single index of implicit tax (ITAX), we confirmed that the index successfully captured the incentives and their changes incorporated...

World’s Biggest Pension Fund GPIF Boosts Its Treasuries Holdings

Japan’s Government Pension Investment Fund boosted its holdings of Treasuries to a three-year high as the dollar’s strength against the yen offset losses on the securities. Resilient demand from GPIF, as the world’s biggest pension fund is known, suggests that elevated yields and a weak yen may support Japanese appetite for Treasuries, even if US interest rates are coming off recent highs as the Federal Reserve’s monetary tightening campaign nears its peak. GPIF holds ¥200 trillion ($1.4 trillion) worth of assets...

World’s Largest Pension Fund Posts Quarterly Gain, Record Assets

Japan’s state pension fund, the world’s largest, posted its strongest quarter in more than two years as gains in global stock and bond markets during the three months through March boosted the value of its assets to a record. The Government Pension Investment Fund added 5.4% during the quarter, raising its total assets to 200.13 trillion yen ($1.39 trillion), the fund said in Tokyo Friday. Foreign equities were the top performers, gaining 8.2% as the US started to overcome a...

Japan. Panel Warns against Leaving Burdens on Shoulders of Future Generations

No matter how urgent and important some issues — such as the low birth rate — may be, the cost of responding to them must not be passed down to future generations. The government should not shirk discussions on the appropriate tax burden. The government’s Tax Commission has submitted to Prime Minister Fumio Kishida a report on proposals for medium- and long-term taxation systems. The panel submitted such a report for the first time in four years, since 2019. The tax...

June 2023

ESG resolution round-up: US pension giants split on climate proposal at Japanese bank

Big US public pension funds are divided on the merits of a climate proposal filed at Mizuho Financial Group which calls on the Japanese “mega-bank” to issue and disclose a transition plan to align its lending and investments with the Paris Agreement.     Californian giants CalPERS and CalSTRS have pre-disclosed that they will vote against the resolution on Friday, despite supporting a similar request at the bank in 2020. But The Office of the New York City Comptroller, which oversees...

Shareholder ire takes shine off stock rally for Toyota chairman

The biggest rally in three years for Toyota has shown how a well-timed campaign to promote the carmaker’s EV strategy can pay off, but a dip in support for Chairman Akio Toyoda at a shareholders meeting serves as a reminder of the perils of drawing investor ire. A 13% rise in Toyota’s stock added ¥4.4 trillion ($31.4 billion) in market value this week, after the company shared details of how it plans to catch up in the global shift to...

March 2023

Japan births fall to record low as population crisis deepens

The number of births registered in Japan plummeted to another record low last year – the latest worrying statistic in a decades-long decline that the country’s authorities have failed to reverse despite their extensive efforts. The country saw 799,728 births in 2022, the lowest number on record and the first ever dip below 800,000, according to statistics released by the Ministry of Health on Tuesday. That number has nearly halved in the past 40 years; by contrast, Japan recorded more...