February 2021

Emerging Europe strong on women’s economic opportunities but dragged down by low pensions

Countries from the emerging Europe region performed well on the latest global survey of women’s economic opportunities from the World Bank. The post-socialist countries of Central, Southeast and Eastern Europe and Eurasia had an average score of 86.4 points out of 100, while globally, women had just three-quarters of the legal rights afforded to men on average around the world. The report “Women, Business and the Law 2021”, looks at laws and regulations in eight areas that affect women’s economic opportunities...

Latvian pensioners most at-risk of poverty in European Union

Latvian pensioners are the most at risk of suffering poverty among all European Union member states, according to data published by Eurostat February 3. Based upon data from 2019 the proportion of pensioners aged over 65 who are deemed to be at risk of poverty was between 10% and 30% in the majority of EU Member States. The four countries with an at-risk-of-poverty rate above 30% in 2019 were Latvia (54%), Estonia (51%), Bulgaria (36%) and Lithuania (35%). In...

January 2021

Unearned Income and Labor Supply: Evidence from Survivor Pensions in Austria

By René Böheim, Michael Topf We study the effect of lower unearned income on labor supply. To identify the causal effect of an unexpected reduction in unearned income, we exploit a policy reform that lowered survivor pensions in Austria. Men widowed after the survivor pension reform received an approximately 34% lower survivor pension than men widowed before the reform. We follow the employment history of both groups for 150 months and estimate the reform’s effect on labor supply using...

ECB considers going greener in staff pension fund

The European Central Bank is considering moving to the use of low-carbon benchmark indexes for fixed-income allocations within its staff pension fund. The Frankfurt-based ECB last year replaced all conventional equity benchmark indexes tracked by the pension fund with low-carbon equivalents. The fund has €1.3 billion ($1.6 billion) in assets and €2.5 billion in obligations. A spokeswoman said the size of individual allocations are not being disclosed. The move "significantly reduced the carbon footprint of the equity funds. The...

There is no escape from late retirement

European countries face the challenge of the economic and social consequences of an aging population. In particular, pension systems have to adapt to the changes taking place, maintaining, on the one hand, the financial stability related to the balancing of contributions receipts and pension expenditure, and at the same time the adequacy of benefits related to the protection of pensioners from poverty and the provision of an adequate income after leaving employment. One of the key instruments...

December 2020

Financial Incentives and Heterogeneity in Retirement Behavior An Empirical Analysis Based on SHARE-RV Data

By Nicolas Goll, Felizia Hanemann Over the past few decades, different reforms have come into force, which aim at keeping older workers in the labor market longer. Broad literature to date has investigated reform effects for the average worker. Evidence on the heterogeneous reform effects on different groups is to date however relatively sparse. We therefore evaluate the 1992 pension reform in Germany, which gradually introduced actuarial deductions for early retirement between 1997 and 2004. We investigate whether individuals...

Perspectives and Theories of Social Innovation for Ageing Population

By Andrzej Klimczuk, Łukasz Tomczyk In recent years we may observe increasing interest in the development of social innovation both regarding theory as well as the practice of responding to social problems and challenges. One of the crucial challenges at the beginning of the 21st century is population ageing. Various new and innovative initiatives, programs, schemes, and projects to respond to negative consequences of this demographic process are emerging around the world. However, social theories related to ageing are...

Europe’s ‘Ambitious Plans’ for ESG Disclosure Rules

New European rules on sustainability disclosure requirements in the financial services sector take effect in March, affecting institutions such as banks, insurance companies, pension funds, and investment firms. And while details of the Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR) have not been finalized, law firm Akin Gump says the move to increase requirements shows the EU and the UK have “ambitious plans” for improving environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosures for financial firms. In 2018, the European Commission established an...

November 2020

Risk Dashboard: European insurers slightly less exposed to risks compared to the beginning of COVID-19 outbreak but concerns remain

Today the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) published its updated Risk Dashboard based on the second quarter of 2020 Solvency II data. The results show that the risk exposures of the European Union insurance sector slightly reduced, compared to July risk assessment. Insurers are particularly exposed to very high levels of macro risk, while market, credit, profitability and solvency risks decreased to medium level. However, the risk assessment does not account for the outbreak of the second...

Pension Schemes in the European Union: Challenges and Implications from Macroeconomic and Financial Stability Perspectives

By Antonio Sánchez Serrano,Tuomas Peltonen Pension schemes have a significant influence on the saving and consumption decisions of households. Similarly, contributions to pension arrangements are substantial expenditures for national governments and also for corporations, depending on the prevailing pension system. Beyond this, pension schemes play an important role in the economy, channelling savings into investments through capital markets. However, demographic factors and the macroeconomic environment (low interest rates, low growth and low productivity) are raising concerns about the sustainability...