October 2024

Parametric Pension Reform Options in Korea

By Daniel Baksa, Boele Bonthuis, Si Guo & Zsuzsa Munkacsi Population aging in Korea will pose substantial challenges to the financial sustainability of its public pension system. Under current policies and plausible assumptions, public pension spending can increase by as much as 4 percent of GDP during 2020-70, while contribution revenue will largely stay constant. This expected rise in public pension spending mainly reflects the increase in the old-age dependency ratio (and therefore the number of pension recipients), the deceleration...

The Impact of Lump-Sum Retirement Withdrawals on Labor Supply: Evidence from Peru

By Carla Moreno & Sita Slavov  We examine the labor supply impact of a 2016 policy that allows retirementeligible individuals covered by Peru’s private pension system to receive retirement benefits as a lump sum rather than as an annuity. We present a theoretical model predicting that, for liquidity constrained workers, the lump sum option makes formal employment (requiring pension participation) more attractive relative to informal employment (not requiring pension participation); it also encourages early retirement. Using household panel data, we...

Gobierno de México lanza la reforma para regular los derechos laborales para los repartidores por aplicación

El gran negocio de la entrega de alimentos y productos a través de aplicaciones móviles comienza a ser regulado en México. El Gobierno de Claudia Sheinbaum ha firmado este miércoles las modificaciones a la Ley Federal del Trabajo para regular las actividades de alrededor de 658.000 repartidores que laboran en plataformas digitales. El secretario de Trabajo y Previsión Social, Marath Baruch Bolaños López, informó que, entre los cambios presentados en un proyecto que será revisado por la Cámara de...

Informe mensual del comportamiento de la economía. Marzo 2024

Por Comisión Nacional de los Salarios Mínimos Para 2024 el Consejo de Representantes fijó los salarios mínimos en 374.89 pesos diarios en la Zona Libre de la Frontera Norte (ZLFN) y 248.93 pesos diarios en el resto del país. En términos reales, ambas zonas salariales presentaron en febrero una recuperación del poder adquisitivo de 14.9% anual. La inflación muestra una disminución paulatina, aunque continúa por arriba del nivel objetivo del Banco de México. En febrero, el Índice Nacional de Precios...

Rules of Thumb and Retirement Accounts

By Vanya Horneff, David A. Love & Raimond Maurer We examine the welfare costs of applying common rules of thumb for saving, investment, 401k contributions, and withdrawals in an environment that includes a realistic treatment of taxation, Social Security benefits, 401k-plan details, and uncertainty in income, longevity, and asset returns. We test the performance of commonly recommended rules, such as investing 100-minus-age percent of assets in stocks, contributing 6–10% of income to a 401k account, or withdrawing the required minimum...

Beyond the Status Quo: A Critical Assessment of Lifecycle Investment Advice

By Aizhan Anarkulova, Scott Cederburg & Michael S. O'Doherty We challenge two central tenets of lifecycle investing: (i) investors should diversify across stocks and bonds and (ii) the young should hold more stocks than the old. An even mix of 50% domestic stocks and 50% international stocks held throughout one’s lifetime vastly outperforms age-based, stock-bond strategies in building wealth, supporting retirement consumption, preserving capital, and generating bequests. These findings are based on a lifecycle model that features dynamic processes for...

Patterns of Consumption and Savings around Retirement

By Arna Olafsson & Michaela Pagel This chapter analyzes how consumption, savings, and other positions on household balance sheets change around retirement. Four patterns stand out. First, many households have barely any savings and hold substantial amounts of consumer debt at the time of retirement. Second, consumption falls at retirement, possibly due to work-related expenses, bargain shopping, or because households face unexpected adverse shocks. Third, liquid savings increase at retirement. Fourth, wealth increases more over the course of retirement for...

Construyendo redes de seguridad resilientes en el Caribe: Preparando los ingresos de jubilación para el futuro (en inglés)

Por BID Los países del Caribe, al igual que sus pares de América Latina, están observando gradualmente los efectos de un rápido envejecimiento de la población. Los sistemas nacionales de pensiones se enfrentarán a crecientes demandas presupuestarias para sustentar a un grupo cada vez mayor de jubilados. Sin embargo, estos sistemas se sustentan en un grupo de trabajadores que se reduce gradualmente, de los cuales sólo una fracción estará contribuyendo. Esta tendencia demográfica está impulsada por varios factores, entre ellos...

Labor Market Gender Gaps in Türkiye: A Bird’s Eye View

By Silvia Domit & Damla Kesimal Despite recent improvements, Türkiye’s low female labor force participation and high share of informal female workers stand out internationally. Closing these gender gaps would boost medium-term growth and make it more inclusive. This paper puts these gaps in an international context, explores their interlinkages with fiscal policies, and identifies policy priorities. Source SSRN

Assessing Immigration Impacts in Developing Countries. The Case of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon

By Riccardo Magnani & Marie-Claude KAMAR This article analyzes the effects of low-skilled immigration in developing countries characterized by a large informal sector, high unemployment (especially among highly educated people), and low participation of women in the labor force. We use an OLG model to account for the general equilibrium linkages between the immigration shock, the level of wages and employment, the education choice, and the emigration choice made by natives. The model includes search and matching frictions in the...