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November 2024

15Nov

Lessons on strengthening pensions and social insurance for sustainable development

By Gustavo Demarco, Gonzalo Reyes, Diego Wachs & Aaron Buchsbaum In today's rapidly evolving world, robust pension systems and social insurance programs are vital for ensuring economic stability, financial inclusion, and the well-being of citizens, particularly in the face of aging populations. Understanding the multifaceted benefits of these systems, as well as the challenges in implementing sustainable pension systems, is crucial for informed policymaking. The World Bank is responding by revitalizing its in-depth training courses for government officials. In a recent course, experts...

November 15, 2024
Articles, System Sustainability, , , , ,
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08Nov

Pensions in Aging Asia and the Pacific: Policy Insights and Priorities

By Rafal Chomik, Philip O’Keefe & John Piggott Asia and the Pacific has the most diverse regional pension landscape globally. Yet the region’s pension systems are facing common challenges as they attempt to expand coverage, and ensure adequacy and fairness, while maintaining fiscal sustainability. We review the structures and performance of pension systems across Asia and the Pacific. Most remain characterized by low contributory coverage, social pensions with inadequate benefits and often low (or no) coverage, and informal sector schemes...

November 8, 2024
Aging, Articles, , ,
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08Nov

A ‘Mandatory’ Pension Scheme? Late-Stage Dropouts from the National Pension System in South Korea

By Jongseok Oh, Seho Son & Kun Lee In this study, we investigate the patterns of individuals dropping out of the National Pension System, a mandatory public pension scheme in South Korea with a generous and redistributive benefit structure. We analyze administrative pension insurance data on individuals eligible for a lump-sum refund of lifetime accrued contributions at the age of 60 due to insufficient contribution records. We employ a set of linear probability models with region-fixed effects and within-between-region effects...

November 8, 2024
Articles, System Characterization, , ,
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08Nov

Pension Policy Preferences: Beliefs about Others

By Carmen Sainz Villalba This paper studies the information provision and belief updating on the preference for regulation on pensions for own respondents and the preference for regulation on pensions for the population as a whole. Following the work of Sainz Villalba and Konrad (2024), we conduct a survey experiment where we provide information on own characteristics and on characteristics about individuals in other income brackets. We find that respondents who overestimate the pension coverage for low income earners are more likely to want less regulation...

November 8, 2024
Articles, Regulation, , ,
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08Nov

Forever young: where older workers keep on working

By Steven G. Allen & Ting Wang This paper examines inter-industry patterns of the employment of older workers over the last 20 years to understand where employment opportunities have grown the most. The underlying premise is that firms strategically align their age mix depending on production function and labor cost parameters. The industries that had the largest increases in the percentage of older workers were those that had the broadest pension coverage and those that made the greatest use of high-tech capital. There...

November 8, 2024
Articles, Labor Market, , ,
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October 2024

25Oct

Well-Being of Older People in East Asia: The People’s Republic of China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea

By Hidehiko Ichimura, Xiaoyan Lei, Chulhee Lee, Jinkook Lee, Albert Park, & Yasuyuki Sawada East Asia is undergoing a rapid demographic transition and “super” aging. As a result of steadily decreasing fertility and increasing life expectancy, older people’s proportion of the population and the old-age dependency ratio is rising across all countries in East Asia, particularly in the People’s Republic of China (PRC), Japan, and the Republic of Korea (ROK). In this paper, we empirically investigate the well-being of older...

October 25, 2024
Aging, Articles, , , , ,
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25Oct

Beyond Informal Employment: Stagnation and Disguised Employment in Brazil

By Carolina Troncoso Baltar, Esther Dweck, Marilia Marcato & Camila Unis Krepsky This study analyses the Brazilian labour market from 2014 to 2019, focusing on the impact of the country's growth pattern on rising informal and self-employment. After a period of economic growth, Brazil faced a recession (2015-2016) and stagnation (2016-2019). Austerity-driven reforms were implemented, weakening policies aimed at stimulating growth, reducing unemployment, and improving formalization. Using structural decomposition analysis within a demand-driven input-output model, the study examines how changes in demand...

October 25, 2024
Articles, Labor Market, , ,
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25Oct

Pensions in Aging Asia and the Pacific: Policy Insights and Priorities

By Rafal Chomik, Philip O’Keefe & John Piggott Asia and the Pacific has the most diverse regional pension landscape globally. Yet the region’s pension systems are facing common challenges as they attempt to expand coverage, and ensure adequacy and fairness, while maintaining fiscal sustainability. We review the structures and performance of pension systems across Asia and the Pacific. Most remain characterized by low contributory coverage, social pensions with inadequate benefits and often low (or no) coverage, and informal sector schemes...

October 25, 2024
Articles, System Characterization, , , ,
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18Oct

SEC Investigations of Public Pensions

By Kangkang Zhang In recent years, the looming threat of substantial unfunded liabilities and the obligation to meet these financial commitments have become critical issues for numerous state pension plans, prompting concerns about their solvency and management. This study examines the effect on public pension plans of investigations by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Utilizing a stacked cohort difference-in-differences design, I observe that state pensions tend to improve investment performance when subjected to SEC investigation. The observed effect...

October 18, 2024
Articles, Supervision, Supervision, , , ,
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18Oct

Parametric Pension Reform Options in Korea

By Daniel Baksa, Boele Bonthuis, Si Guo & Zsuzsa Munkacsi Population aging in Korea will pose substantial challenges to the financial sustainability of its public pension system. Under current policies and plausible assumptions, public pension spending can increase by as much as 4 percent of GDP during 2020-70, while contribution revenue will largely stay constant. This expected rise in public pension spending mainly reflects the increase in the old-age dependency ratio (and therefore the number of pension recipients), the deceleration...

October 18, 2024
Articles, System Sustainability, , ,
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