By Alfredo Merlet Between January and September 2026, Fund E, the most conservative of Chile’s five mandatory pension fund types, lost about ten per cent in real terms, its second-worst result on record, while the funds’ positions in foreign interest-rate derivatives swung to a reported valuation loss of about US$7.7 billion. This article asks why […]

By Yaodi Yong, Jinggong Zhang & Xiaobai Zhu In response to demographic shifts such as declining fertility rates and increasing life expectancy, many countries are raising the full retirement age (FRA). This paper develops a novel optimization framework for designing FRA increase schedules, explicitly balancing the minimization of aggregate welfare loss across affected generations with […]

By Stephanie Neal & Laurens Swinkels Standard analyses of retirement adequacy focus on financial metrics such as contribution rates and replacement ratios, while climate scenario studies typically emphasize broad macroeconomic outcomes. Neither approach, however, directly addresses what matters most to individuals: the quality of life in retirement. Retirement security under climate change is inherently multidimensional, […]

Experts say that if you want to age healthily, you should plan for it. That’s what I’ve tried to do: I played in a soccer league well into my 60s, and I was a regular runner. Those activities kept me fit and active at the time. Now, in my 70s, I hope they continue to […]

The Chinese capital Beijing is expected to become “super-aged” by 2035, with around one-third ​of its population aged 60 and above, ‌the official Beijing Daily reported. Chinese policymakers have made population planning a key part of the country’s economic strategy, and ​this year the government faces a ​total potential cost of around 180 billion yuan […]

The People Power Party criticized on the 19th that the National Pension Service’s domestic stock valuation dropped by over 182 trillion Korean won in about 100 days amid a domestic stock market crash, calling it a “dangerous gamble ‘pension fund casino’ using the people’s retirement funds as collateral by the Lee Jae Myung government.” The […]

The new regulations are gradually coming into effect. The Social Insurance Law 2024 officially came into effect on July 1, 2025, and includes many new and groundbreaking provisions compared to the Social Insurance Law 2014. These include expanding the coverage of compulsory social insurance to several groups, including business owners, enterprise and cooperative managers, part-time […]