By James Wabenga Yango Panel regressions and calibrated life-cycle models have studied the effect of population aging on aggregate saving along separate lines, on partly overlapping samples. This systematic review and meta-analysis pools both under a single protocol. A search of five bibliographic databases identified 36 eligible studies, 33 of which yield estimates that can […]

By Yi Fan, Shuangshuang Song & Yewen Yu Population aging and fertility decline are occurring simultaneously worldwide, straining labor supply and pension systems. China began a gradual delayedretirement (GDR) reform in 2025, raising statutory retirement ages on different schedules for men, female cadres, and female workers across birth cohorts. To evaluate its effects on older […]

By Valter Manuel Gomes Neto Brazil’s rapid demographic transition presents growing challenges for the sustainability, coverage, and adequacy of its pension system. Although the 2019 pension reform improved fiscal sustainability, population ageing and persistent labour informality continue to place pressure on pension financing and old-age income security. Drawing on existing research and policy evidence, this […]

Asset-backed pensions have expanded substantially over the past two decades, complementing traditional pay-as-you-go schemes and strengthening the resilience of retirement systems, but governments should do more to promote the use of pension funds to meet the significant challenges of financing retirement, according to a new OECD report. Pensions Outlook 2026: Are We Saving Enough for […]

In March 2026, Fitch Ratings reported that the default rate among U.S. corporate borrowers of private credit hit a record high of 9.2 percent. Financial and legal experts focused on the risks to investors who put their money in private credit funds, especially funds structured as nontraded business development companies (BDCs). Notably, nontraded BDCs and […]

The proposed NPS Tatkal initiative is designed to bring India’s gig workers, freelancers, delivery partners and other informal workers into the pension system through a simpler digital process and contributions as small as ₹10. Announced by Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) chairman S Raman at a Mumbai event, the proposal addresses a basic […]

What happens to an economy when the older population ages faster than the younger generation can replace them? Today, this question is not just a concern for a handful of developed economies; it is a major global issue. Due to this global baby bust, two-thirds of the world’s population now lives in countries below the […]