By Jing Wang & Jiuheng He Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have become central to public-facing policy programs, yet they remain undertheorized, only treated as either instruments or objects of such policies. This paper argues that ICTs in such programs operate as transductive infrastructures, a delivery chain not only transmitting policy information but also defining […]

By Alina Malkova When governments expand pension systems, families reduce intergenerational transfers. This paper tests the reverse: do families substitute back toward informal insurance when governments renege on pension promises? I study Russia’s 2014 funded pension freeze, which eliminated future contributions for workers born after 1967, using RLMS panel data (2010–2023) and a cohort difference-in-differences […]

By Allen Mendenhall & Dan Sutter State public pension systems manage over $6 trillion in assets while facing approximately $1.3 trillion in unfunded liabilities, raising fundamental questions about governance effectiveness and fiduciary accountability. This Article examines these challenges through the analytical framework of governance, applying insights from public choice, principal-agent models, and corporate governance to […]

With more Americans feeling stretched financially, it isn’t surprising that many are choosing to move abroad — whether for work or for retirement. And this year, one Latin American destination again ranks highest overall out of 31 expat destinations: Panama. Indeed, Panama has earned a hat trick by ranking No. 1 for the third year […]

The fight over who gets to retire early without financial penalties has thrown Berlin’s governing alliance into open conflict, with eastern state leaders threatening to derail the entire package. At the heart of the dispute sits a proposal to scrap the pension deduction-free retirement option available to workers with 45 years of contributions. The measure, […]

Kenya spent 51.8 per cent of its tax revenues on debt servicing and pensions in the 2025/26 financial year, leaving fewer resources for key government programmes such as infrastructure development and health services. According to the National Treasury, the rising costs of loans and retirement benefits have increased pressure on public finances, as revenue collection […]

While many peak boomers are facing financial challenges in retirement, Generation X — the “forgotten generation” — may have it worse. While baby boomers “dominate headlines,” Gen X “faces an even greater retirement crisis,” according to a report by the Retirement Income Institute. This is the generation that lived through the shift from defined benefit […]