October 2023

US. Social Security Will Not Provide Sufficient Retirement Income for Low-Wage Workers

Even with the benefit of Social Security checks, low-income workers fall considerably short of replacing their income in retirement, emphasizing a need for policymakers and plan sponsors to step in to help improve options, according to Vanguard’s newest research.   By providing wider access to workplace retirement plans and implementing features like automatic enrollment and “under-saver sweeps,” policymakers and plan sponsors have an opportunity to help low-income workers address this shortfall. Delaying retirement and liquidating home equity are also strategies to...

September 2023

Does a Requirement to Offer Retirement Plans Help Low-Income Workers Save for Retirement? Early Evidence from the OregonSaves Program

By Ngoc Dao  This study examines the first implementation of the state-run retirement savings program in Oregon, known as OregonSaves, in 2017. It offers early insights into the substantial impact of this mandated program on retirement savings among previously uncovered private workers. Results from difference-in-difference models using SIPP data indicate a 12 percent increase in Individual Retirement Account (IRA) ownership among Oregon workers after the program’s roll-out. Notably, the study discerns significant gains for lower-income, single, and older workers, as...

Longevity Risk: Retirees and Pre-Retirees Fear Declining Finances and Deteriorating Health in Older Age

Fewer than one in four age 50+ workers and retirees are very confident they will be able to maintain a comfortable lifestyle throughout their retirement (17%, 23%, respectively), according to Life in Retirement: Pre-Retiree Expectations and Retiree Realities, a new survey report released by nonprofit Transamerica Center for Retirement Studies® (TCRS) in collaboration with Transamerica Institute®. "Retirement brings freedom and time for pursuing personal passions. Our research finds that retirees are happy, purposeful, and have a positive view of aging. However, many...

Eggs and Baskets: Lifecycle Portfolio Dynamics

By Loretti Dobrescu, Akshay Shanker, Hazel Bateman, Ben Rhodri Newell & Susan Thorp  Housing and pension wealth are two major contributors to the quality of old-age provision. Here we study the interplay between these two asset classes using the impact of changes in saving incentives on wealth accumulation across the lifetime. To do so, we build and estimate a dynamic lifecycle model of saving and portfolio choice featuring risky earnings, lumpy housing with collateralized borrowing, and financial assets inside and...

Brits calling for state pensions to be raised to £416 a week for every person over 60

Brits are calling for state pensions to be raised to £416 a week in line with the National Minimum Wage after previous efforts failed. A new petition has been set up calling on ministers to increase the allowance to more than double the current figure, despite a previous one which racked up more than 36,000 signatures being rejected by the DWP. The latest calls are being made by Michael Thompson, who is also demanding the UK pension age is lowered...

2023 401 (k) Participant Study

By Charles Schwab  • The 2023 401(k) Participant study is an online study conducted by Logica Research. • The study was conducted from April 19 through May 2, 2023. • 1,000 401(k) plan participants completed the survey. • Ages 21-70 • Work for companies with 25+ employees that have 401(k) plans • Currently contribute to their companies’ 401(k) plans • Survey respondents include participants served by approximately 15 different retirement plan providers. • The typical (median) survey length was 10 minutes. Read book “here”

Solving the Puzzle within the Annuity Puzzle: Incorporating Irrevocability Aversion into Annuity Choice

By Spencer Look, Tao Guo & Yuanshan Cheng  Researchers have found that annuities provide substantial benefits to retirement investors. Income annuities, which require the purchaser to irrevocably exchange an insurance premium for future income, are typically considered the most efficient vehicle to generate lifetime income. However, the Life Insurance Marketing and Research Association (“LIMRA”) estimated that the actual sales of income annuities only accounted for 12% of income-focused annuity sales (LIMRA, 2022a). Most of the sales are attributable to deferred...

Minimum eligibility age for social pensions and house hold poverty: Evidence from Mexico

By David Escamilla Guerrero, Clemente Avila Parra & Oscar Gálvez Soriano This paper examines the impact of social pensions on old-age poverty. To achieve causal identification, we leverage the reduction in the minimum eligibility age of Mexico's flagship non-means-tested social pension program. We find that the program's expansion significantly reduced extreme poverty, mainly among indigenous seniors and in rural areas. However, it had negligible effects on labor force participation, suggesting that social pensions were not effective in ensuring minimum...

August 2023

Future of Jobs Report 2023

By World Economy Forum  The past three years have been shaped by a challenging combination of health, economic and geopolitical volatility combined with growing social and environmental pressures. These accelerating transformations have and continue to reconfigure the world's labour markets and shape the demand for jobs and skills of tomorrow, driving divergent economic trajectories within and across countries, in developing and developed economies alike. The Fourth Industrial Revolution, changing worker and consumer expectations, and the urgent need for a green...

Retirement Security: Income and Wealth Disparities Continue through Old Age

By GAO Income and wealth inequality in the United States have increased over the last several decades. We looked at whether these trends continue for older Americans as they age. We compared income and wealth for all older households from 1989 through 2016 and found households in the top 20% saw disproportionately greater gains than other households. We also looked at income and wealth for a group of older Americans as they aged. We found disparities in income decreased, possibly due to...